PHONOLOGY 
the sounds & spelling of Rótmál
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Phonology

The 100 Roots

Grammar

Writing System

North Wind Fable

On this page:
· Consonants
· Vowels
· Syllables
· Stress
· Length rule
· Orthography

The inventory is chosen to match Old Norse phonaesthetics.

Consonants

  Labial Dental/Alv. Palatal Velar Glottal
Stopp  bt  d k  g 
Fricativef (v)þ ð s (g→ɣ)h
Nasalmn (ng) 
Liquid l  r   
Glide  j  
  • þ = voiceless dental fricative /θ/ (English thin). Appears word-initially and as the epenthetic hiatus-breaker between two vowels — both between a vowel-final stem and a vowel-initial ending (auga+-ar → augaþar) and at a vowel+vowel root seam (sjó+orm → sjóþorm). Intervocalic þ is reserved for this — no root contains it between vowels.
  • ð = voiced dental fricative /ð/ (English this). Medial/final only, never word-initial.
  • f is /f/ initially, [v] between vowels.
  • g is a stop only word-initially; elsewhere (between vowels, word-finally, before r) it is the fricative [ɣ]. This is why -gr (as in eldigr) is a fricative+liquid coda.
  • hv, hl, hr, hn, hj are permitted onset clusters (very Old Norse: hvat, hlaupa, hringr).

Vowels

Shorta e i o u y ö
Long (acute)á é í ó ú ý and æ, ø/œ
Diphthongsau /au/, ei /ei/ (mid onset, like Icelandic heil — not /ai/), ey /ey/
  • y/ý = front rounded /y/ (Icelandic yfir).
  • ö = /ø/; æ = /ai/ (the "eye" vowel), treated as a single vowel — distinct from ei /ei/.

Syllable structure

Maximal syllable: (C)(C)(C) V (V) (C)(C).

PositionAllowed
Onset clustersstop + r/l (br-, kl-); s + stop (sk-, st-, sp-); hv/hl/hr/hn/hj
Codassingle C; nasal/liquid + stop (-nd, -rk, -lt); stop + s/t; voiced fricative + r (-fr, -þr, -ðr, -gr)
Coronal appendixa word-final -t or -s may attach outside the normal coda (eldt, sterkt, húss) — the mechanism behind the accusative and genitive endings

Every root is one or two syllables, and every root is a legal standalone word.

Stress

Fixed initial stress on the first syllable of the whole word, exactly like Old Norse and Modern Icelandic. In a compound the first root carries primary stress and later roots take secondary stress, which is what keeps long compounds sounding Norse rather than flat and agglutinative.

Quantity (compensatory length)

Rótmál observes complementary length: within a stressed syllable, length falls on either the vowel or the following consonant, never both.

THE RULE
V̄ + Cː  →  V̆ + Cː  —  a long vowel shortens before a geminate
Genitive of hús /huːs/húss = [husː] — the úː shortens before long sː
Accusative of fót /foːt/fótt = [fotː]

This is purely a pronunciation rule: the spelling (húss) and morpheme segmentation (hús + -s) are unchanged, so the case stays audible via the length swap rather than an added segment.

Orthography

The Old Norse / Icelandic Latin set: a á b d ð e é f g h i í j k l m n o ó p r s t u ú v x y ý þ æ ö.


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